ABSTRACT
Acute respiratory infections are the most common infectious diseases in children.Among them, respiratory viruses are the main pathogens that cause many respiratory diseases, system damages or even death.As the first line of defense against pathogens like respiratory viruses, the innate immune system recognizes the structural components of viruses and endogenous danger signals with the pattern recognition receptors on immune cells and epithelial cells.During this process, inflammasomes are assembled and activated, and they participate in the recognition of viruses, inflammatory and immune response against viruses.The present study aims to describe the composition and function of inflammasomes, as well as the activation and negative regulation mechanisms of inflammasomes during common respiratory infections.